Chapters
Rajat Saboo
Matter in Our Surroundings
Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named “matter”. The air we breathe, the food we eat, stones, clouds, stars, plants and animals — every thing is matter.
Rajat Saboo
Is Matter Around Us Pure?
A pure substance consists of a single type of particle. In other words, a substance is a pure single form of matter. As we look around, we can see that most of the matter around us exists.
Rajat Saboo
Atoms and Molecules
A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms that are securely bound together by attractive forces or by chemical bonds. An atom refers to the tiniest unit of matter that can be separated.
Rajat Saboo
Structure of the Atom
The atomic structure refers to the structure of an atom comprising a nucleus in which the protons and neutrons are present. Electrons revolve around the centre of the nucleus.
Rajat Saboo
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life as they are the smallest unit that can be called living. One complete cell is capable of performing all the physiological activities.
Rajat Saboo
Tissues
Tissue can be defined as a group of cells with similar shape and function. They form a cellular organizational level, intermediate between the cells and organ system.
Rajat Saboo
Motion
Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings in a given interval of time. The motion of an object with some mass can be described in Distance, Displacement.
Rajat Saboo
Force and Laws of Motion
Newton's first law of motion states that, An object in the rest of the object in motion will always remain constant unless some external unbalanced force is applied on it.
Rajat Saboo
Gravitation
Gravity, also called gravitation, is a force that exists among all material objects in the universe. Gravity operates on objects of all sizes, from subatomic particles to clusters of galaxies.
Rajat Saboo
Work and Energy
Work is defined as transferring energy into an object so that there is some displacement. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Work done is always the same.
Rajat Saboo
Sound
Sound is a pressure wave which is created by a vibrating object. This vibrations set particles in the sur- rounding medium in vibrational motion, thus transporting energy through the medium.
Rajat Saboo
Improvement in Food Resources
It is required for growth, development and body repair. It also protects the body from diseases. Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water to our body.